COMPLICATION OF DIABETES
All forms of polyuria increase the risk of long-term complications. Complications usually occur many years later, but those with delayed diagnosis may present early with symptoms of complications.
The main long-term complications are related to the loss of blood flow. Diabetes doubles the risk of cardiovascular disease. Diabetics die of coronary artery disease. Other large vessel diseases include stroke and peripheral artery disease.
The primary complications of diabetes due to damage to the small blood vessels are eye, kidney, and nerve damage. Damage to the blood supply to the retina of the eye leads to a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Polyneuritis increases the risk of glaucoma, cataracts, and other eye diseases. Patients with polyuria should see an ophthalmologist once a year. Kidney damage results in a disease called diabetic nephropathy, which results in glomerulosclerosis or kidney stones, protein excretion in the urine (proteinuria), and chronic kidney disease that requires dialysis or a kidney transplant. Damage to the body's nerves results in a disease called diabetic neuropathy, the most common complication of diabetes. Symptoms are numbness or tingling, numbness or tingling, disturbances in sweating, aches, and pains, and changes in the sensation of pain that may result in skin damage. Leg ulcers can be difficult to treat and sometimes require amputation.
REASONS
Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, hybrid diabetes, gestational first-onset hyperglycemia, "unclassified" diabetes, and other specific types. "Pregnancy first detected hyperglycemia" includes gestational or gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy (type 1 or type 2 diabetes that is first detected after conception). "Hybrid diabetes" includes progressive, immune-mediated adult-onset diabetes and ketosis-prone diabetes. Type 2 diabetes.
TYPDIABETESE 1
Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in people under the age of 30, most often in adolescence, but it can also occur in the fifties. In type 1 diabetes, the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed, resulting in insulin deficiency. It can be immune-mediated or idiopathic. Most type 1s are immune-mediated, typically destroying beta cells as a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. About 10 percent of all polyuria patients in North America and Europe have type 1 diabetes. Most affected patients are healthy and at a healthy weight at disease onset. In the early stages, insulin sensitivity and responsiveness are usually normal. Children are more affected although this is called juvenile diabetes, most people with type 1 diabetes are adults today.
HEREDITARY TENDENCY
Type 1 diabetes is heavily influenced by genetic factors, but it does not follow a simple Mendelian pattern of inheritance. In the case of identical twins, if one is affected by the disease, the other has a 30%-50% chance, while in fraternal twins, the rate is 6%-10%. In the United States, a person's risk of developing diabetes in a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes is 1:20, compared to 1:300 in the general population. If the mother has type 1 diabetes, the child's risk of developing type 1 diabetes is 1%-4%, on the other hand, if the father is affected, this risk increases to 10%. If both parents have type 1 diabetes, the child has a 30% risk of developing it. If one child in the family is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the other child has a 4-6% chance of developing it. Despite this genetic association, 80%-85% of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients each year have no family history. 10% of individuals with HLA-sensitive genes develop type 1 diabetes. This means that not only genetic factors are entirely responsible for type 1 diabetes, but environmental factors also play an important role.
ENVIRONMENTAL TENDENCY
Wide geographic and seasonal variation is observed in the incidence of type 1 diabetes, and when people move from low-diabetes countries to high-diabetes countries, these immigrants also develop diabetes at similar rates as natives. All these factors indicate that environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. However, many hypotheses remain, However, the nature of these environmental factors is unknown. They act directly on β cells or stimulate autoimmune reactions against β cells. The possible issues can be divided into the following four categories:
* Viruses: In addition to enteroviruses (such as coxsackievirus B4), other viruses include mumps virus, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and retrovirus.
* Toxins: Nitrosamines in various foods (found in smoked and salt-processed meats) and coffee. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), one of the main components of cow's milk, has been implicated in this disease, so infants who are fed cow's milk instead of breast milk from an early age are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes. This protein penetrates the intestinal wall of the newborn and enters the blood and produces antibodies that react with the heat shock or heat shock protein of the beta cells.
* Hygiene hypothesis: Less exposure to germs in early childhood results in less opportunity for the body's immune system to mature and increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. This is known as the hygiene hypothesis.
* Vitamin D: Because areas with less sunlight (including northern Europe) have a higher incidence of diabetes, vitamin D is thought to play an important role. However, no clear prognosis-effect relationship was identified.
DIABETES 2
Genetic factors are also important in type 2 diabetes patients. The incidence of diabetes varies among people of different ethnic groups, and in identical twins, if one is affected, the other has a nearly 100% chance of developing diabetes. If one sibling develops diabetes before the age of 40, the other has a 50% chance of developing diabetes, but if the sibling develops diabetes after the age of 65, the chance drops to 30%. Studies have identified >400 genes that cause type 2 diabetes concerned with being.
Insulin resistance is one of the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes, accompanied by a reduction in insulin secretion. The body's defective response to insulin is believed to be associated with a lack of insulin receptors. However Insulin, the specific defects are not known. Polyneuritis caused by known defects is classified separately. The most common type of polyuria is type 2 diabetes. Many people with type 2 diabetes have diabetes. Before meeting the criteria for type 2 diabetes, a condition called prediabetes occurs. They improve insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production in the liver. Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle changes and genetic factors. Many lifestyle factors are known to be responsible for type 2 diabetes. These are obesity, lack of physical exercise, unhealthy diet, physical and mental stress, and urbanization. Excess body fat is responsible for type 2 diabetes in individuals of 30% Chinese and Japanese descent, 60-80% of European and African descent, and 100% of Pima Indians and Pacific Islanders. Even those who are not obese may have a high waist-to-hip ratio.[Sugar-sweetened beverages increase the risk of polyuria. The type of fat present in the diet is also important. Saturated fats and trans fats increase risk, and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats decrease risk. Eating large amounts of white rice may increase the risk of polyuria, especially in Chinese and Japanese people. If the diet is low in fruits and vegetables, the risk of diabetes increases. Lack of physical activity can increase the risk of diabetes. In children, abuse, neglect, and family complications increase the risk of type 2 diabetes later in life by 32%, with neglect having the greatest effect. Lack of physical activity can increase the risk of diabetes. In children, abuse, neglect, and family complications increase the risk of type 2 diabetes later in life by 32%, with neglect having the greatest effect. Side effects of psychiatric medications (specifically metabolic abnormalities, (dyslipidemia or obesity and weight gain), and unhealthy lifestyle (including unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity) are potential risk factors for polyuria.
Side effects of psychiatric medications (specifically metabolic abnormalities, (dyslipidemia or obesity and weight gain), and unhealthy lifestyle (including unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity) are potential risk factors for polyuria.
